{"id":711,"date":"2019-09-12T15:15:01","date_gmt":"2019-09-12T15:15:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/creationdata.com\/?page_id=711"},"modified":"2019-09-12T20:13:53","modified_gmt":"2019-09-12T20:13:53","slug":"dating-rocks-and-fossils","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/creationdata.com\/index.php\/dating-rocks-and-fossils\/","title":{"rendered":"Dating Rocks and Fossils"},"content":{"rendered":"

Scientific Evidence and the Age of the Earth<\/strong><\/p>\n

by Mike Riddle (61 min.)<\/p>\n

Topics:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Primer on radioactive decay<\/p>\n

\u2022 Carbon 14 dating<\/p>\n

\u2022 Radioisotope dating<\/p>\n

Radioactive Decay:<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Atom is a fundamental unit of matter, made up of subatomic particles forming a nucleus. \u00a0The nucleus is surrounded by Protons (positive charge), Neutrons (no charge), and Electrons\u00a0(negative charge).<\/p>\n

Carbon:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Carbon 14 is referred to as C-14 or Radiocarbon. \u00a0There are many types of carbon called\u00a0isotopes. Carbon 14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. \u00a0Other isotopes like carbon 12 would have 6\u00a0Protons and 6 neutrons. Carbon 10 would have 6 protons and 4 neutrons. The number of\u00a0protons doesn’t change, only the number of neutrons do. In addition, we have unstable Isotopes\u00a0(Atoms) and those are Isotopes where the Protons and Neutrons are not in balance. A stable\u00a0Isotope has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. Whereas an unstable Isotope has say 6 protons and 8\u00a0neutrons like C-14.<\/p>\n

What is Radioactive Decay?<\/strong> It is where the nucleus of an atom of one element changes into\u00a0another element. For example, C-14 with 6 protons changes into N 14 (Nitrogen) with 7\u00a0protons forming a new element. In this instance the decay process actually adds an additional\u00a0proton to form a new element. The rate of decay is measured in half-life. \u00a0The time it takes for 1\/2\u00a0the decay process to take place. \u00a0The half-life of C-14 is 5,730 years. That means it takes\u00a05,730 years for 1\/2 of the C-14 to change into N-14. \u00a0It will take another 5,730 years for 1\/2 of the\u00a0balance to decay into N-14, and so on. \u00a0Cosmic radiation bombards the nitrogen in the\u00a0atmosphere \u00a0converting it back into carbon 14, and some of the C-14 combines with Oxygen in\u00a0the atmosphere to form CO2 (Carbon Dioxide). \u00a0All living plants and animals take in C-14 from\u00a0the atmosphere. Once a living thing dies, it begins to lose C-14 as it decays back in to N-14.<\/p>\n

Rocks don’t breathe so they do not take on C-14, so cannot be dated by using the radioactive\u00a0decay method.<\/p>\n

Equilibrium<\/strong> \u2013 The assumption is that the amount of C-14 being added to the atmosphere is equal\u00a0to the amount being removed. It is assumed that the C-14 in the atmosphere stays constant.<\/p>\n

Radiometric Clock starts once a plant or animal dies. \u00a0At that point it no longer takes on any\u00a0more C-14, and C-14 begins to decay. The carbon 14 dating method relies on determining the\u00a0amount of C-14 left in a fossil. \u00a0A lot of C-14 in a fossil means the fossil is not very old. \u00a0Very\u00a0little C-14 assumes the fossil is old. \u00a0If no C-14 is found, it is assumed the fossil has been dead\u00a0for 60,000 years or more.<\/p>\n

What do we need to know to determine how many half-lives have expired?<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. How fast it decays measured in half-lives \u2013 5,730 years in the case of C-14.<\/p>\n

2. The starting amount of C-14 in the organism when it died.<\/p>\n

When an organism is alive we assume it has the same amount of C-14\/C12 ratio as in the<\/p>\n

atmosphere. \u00a0One atom of C-14 for every 1 trillion atoms of C-12. \u00a0If we measure the amount<\/p>\n

of C-12, we can then estimate the C-14 that should have been in the organism to begin with.<\/p>\n

Based on that, we can estimate the age of the fossil.<\/p>\n

Assumption for C-14 Dating – The ratio of C-14 to C-12 has always been 1 trillion to 1. If<\/p>\n

this is true, the dating method is reliable to about 60,000 for plants and animals. If it is not<\/p>\n

true, then it is not a reliable dating method for plants and animals.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Dr. Willard Libby, the founder of Carbon 14 dating, noticed that the atmosphere was<\/p>\n

almost 25% out of equilibrium. Believing in billions of years as an evolutionist, he<\/p>\n

ignored the evidence, and he chalked it up to a calculations error.<\/p>\n

\u2022 In the 60’s other scientists repeated Libby’s experiment & determined it was not an error.<\/p>\n

\u2022 To reach equilibrium from a starting point of zero it should take only 30,000 years.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Scientists now suggest that C-14 is being produced at a 25% higher rate than it is being<\/p>\n

consumed. Therefore, the method of dating exaggerates the age for plants and animals.<\/p>\n

Deception \u2013 In the 60’s we knew the prime assumption for Carbon 14 dating was false, but<\/p>\n

ignored this known fact, and taught this misinformation anyway for over 40 years. Why?<\/p>\n

Because evolutionists want to believe in billions of years so much, the evidence doesn’t matter.<\/p>\n

Other factors that could affect the amount of carbon in the atmosphere:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Cosmic ray penetration of the earth’s atmosphere.<\/p>\n

2. Strength of the earth’s magnetic field. The magnetic field is decaying.<\/p>\n

3. Amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.<\/p>\n

4. Genesis Flood \u2013 buried much carbon from living organisms to form coal and oil. The<\/p>\n

buried carbon today is about 100 times the total carbon currently in the biosphere.<\/p>\n

Evolutionists assume coal took 100’s of thousands to millions of years to form. It is formed<\/p>\n

from plant and animal material. Every sample of coal taken today shows C-14 in it. That<\/p>\n

means that the absolute oldest that coal can be is 60,000 years old. Based on the current<\/p>\n

evidence it is likely much, much younger. Fossil woods that are estimated to be over 200<\/p>\n

million years old, still contain C-14.<\/p>\n

Carbon – 14 Summary:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 C-14 can only be used to date organic material.<\/p>\n

\u2022 C-14 dating, accuracy is dependent on consistent ratio of C-12 to C-14 [equilibrium].<\/p>\n

\u2022 The assumption of equilibrium is FALSE.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Other factors affecting atmospheric C-14: Genesis Flood, weakening magnetic field.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Ancient fossils as well as coal contain C-14 residue.<\/p>\n

\u2022 It takes 30,000 years to reach equilibrium and we are 25% out of equilibrium.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Conclusion \u2013 The earth is young.<\/p>\n

Radioisotope Dating Methods \u2013 Dating rocks<\/p>\n

Why do people believe in an old earth?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Think science has proven the earth to be old. Circular logic of the geologic column.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Peer pressure.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Intellectualism (science Vs religion).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Don’t want to hear the information.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Young earth believers are ignoring the scientific evidence. Not the case at all.<\/p>\n

\u2022 The Bible does not teach how old the earth is….But it does.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Most scientists believe the earth is old…true. But there are 1000’s that believe it is not.<\/p>\n

Teaching evolution as Fact without Questioning the Evidence or Teaching how it Works:<\/p>\n

Biology Textbook:<\/strong> Visualizing Life, Holt, Rinehart, Winston, 1998, p. 177. – Using<\/p>\n

radioactive dating, scientists have determined that the earth is about 4.5 billion years old,<\/p>\n

ancient enough for all species to have been formed by evolution.<\/p>\n

How does radioactive decay work?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Parent element like Uranium gradually decays into Lead the daughter element. Similarly<\/p>\n

Potassium over time decays into Argon. This method is used to date igneous and metamorphic<\/p>\n

rocks (basalt from lava flows). It cannot be used to date organic material, limestone, sandstone<\/p>\n

and shale) which is far more plentiful then basalt. When you find a rock with lead in it,<\/p>\n

scientists assume that all the lead from the molten flow seeped out during the molten phase and<\/p>\n

leaving only uranium, which has now decayed into lead. Thus, they assume that all the lead<\/p>\n

present is from radioactive decay.<\/p>\n

Assumptions:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. The starting amount of daughter element is known.<\/p>\n

2. All the daughter element is from radioactive decay.<\/p>\n

3. Sample was always in a closed environment – couldn’t add or take away from sample.<\/p>\n

4. The decay rate has always been consistent.<\/p>\n

Accuracy:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Sunset Crater, Northern Arizona \u2013 Potassium-argon date 200,000+, Reality AD 1065<\/p>\n

\u2022 Mt. Ngaurhoe, New Zealand lava flow \u2013 Potassium-argon date 275,000, Reality 1949,<\/p>\n

1954, 1975<\/p>\n

\u2022 Hualalai basalt, Hawaii \u2013 Potassium-argon date 1.4-22 million, Reality: AD 1801<\/p>\n

\u2022 Mt. Etna basalt, Sicily \u2013 Potassium-argon date 140,000-350,000, Reality 1972<\/p>\n

\u2022 Mt. St. Helens \u2013 Potassium-argon date 2.8 million years, Reality 1980<\/p>\n

\u2022 Grand Canyon \u2013 Precambrian layer at bottom of canyon dated by Rb-Sr isochron age of<\/p>\n

1070 million years old, then took rocks from top layer (youngest rocks) same method<\/p>\n

produced age of 1340 million years old. 300 million years older than the oldest rocks.<\/p>\n

Even the same rock tested twice will give significantly different results. If we can’t trust the<\/p>\n

dates on rocks we know the ages of, how could we ever trust the figures when we don’t know<\/p>\n

the ages of the rocks? If you base your theory on a wrong assumption, all your work can be<\/p>\n

correct, but the result will be wrong.<\/p>\n

Evidence the Earth is Young:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Lava flow with trees in it. Trees dated at 44,000 years, while lava around it was dated at<\/p>\n

45 million years old.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Helium \u2013 migrates very easily into the atmosphere from rocks during the decay process.<\/p>\n

Over 68% of the Helium is still in the granite rocks. This suggests the earth is young,<\/p>\n

perhaps about 6000 years old, not billions of years.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Nuclear decay rates don’t support an old earth (radioisotope dating).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Not enough sodium in the oceans for it to be old.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Rapid disintegration of comets don’t support an old earth.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Erosion of the continents.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Sediments in the ocean<\/p>\n

\u2022 Decay of the earth’s magnetic field<\/p>\n

\u2022 Carbon 14 ratio in the atmosphere<\/p>\n

\u2022 Radiohalos for polonium in granites<\/p>\n

\u2022 Population statistics<\/p>\n

\u2022 Recession of the moon<\/p>\n

RATE Group<\/strong> \u2013 Scientists that are focused on the age of the earth at ICR. They confirm C-14<\/p>\n

dating supports a young earth, not one that is millions or billions of years old.<\/p>\n

Conclusion:<\/strong> (five facts)<\/p>\n

1. The earth has not been scientifically proven to be billions of years old.<\/p>\n

2. The bible teaches a literal 6 day creation.<\/p>\n

3. Many scientists believe in a literal 6 day creation about 6,000 years ago.<\/p>\n

4. New evidence from nuclear decay supports a young earth model.<\/p>\n

5. There are many, many scientific evidences for a young earth. (see list above)<\/p>\n

Bible references<\/strong><\/p>\n

Psalm 118:8<\/strong> \u2013 It is better to trust in the Lord than to put confidence in man.<\/p>\n

John 17:17<\/strong> \u2013 Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is trut<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Scientific Evidence and the Age of the Earth by Mike Riddle (61 min.) Topics: \u2022 Primer on radioactive decay \u2022 Carbon 14 dating \u2022 Radioisotope dating Radioactive Decay: The Atom is a fundamental unit of matter, made up of subatomic particles forming a nucleus. \u00a0The nucleus is surrounded by Protons (positive charge), Neutrons (no charge), […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/creationdata.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/711"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/creationdata.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/creationdata.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/creationdata.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/creationdata.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=711"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/creationdata.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/711\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":712,"href":"https:\/\/creationdata.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/711\/revisions\/712"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/creationdata.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=711"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}